Vanadium was very first discovered byAndrés Manuel Del rio in 1801 unfortunalty for him a French chemisist incorrectly declared that del Rio's new element was only impure chromium. Del Rio thought himself to be mistaken and accepted the French chemists' statement.
but later in 1830 the element vanadium was rediscovered by Sefstorm who named the element in honor of the Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis, because of its beautiful multicolored compounds. It was isolated in nearly pure form by Roscoe, who in 1867 reduced the chloride with hydrogen.
Vanadium is found in about 65 different minerals among which are carnotite, roscoelite, vanadinite, and patronite, important sources of the metal. Vanadium is also found in phosphate rock and certain iron ores, and is present in some crude oils in the form of organic complexes. It is also found in small percenntages in meteorites
Pure vanadium is a bright white metal, and is soft and ductile. Ibut the metal oxidizes readily above 660oC.
The metal has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications.
Name: Vanadium
Symbol: V
Type: Transition Metal
Atomic weight: 50.9415
Density @ 293 K: 6.1 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 8.78 cm3/mol
Discovered: Vanadium was discovered by Andreas.M. del Rio in 1801. He prepared salts from the mineral vanadinite (then called brown lead) but did not isolate the pure metal. Metallic vanadium was first isolated by Henry E. Roscoe in 1867, by reducing vanadium chloride (VCl3) with hydrogen. The element is named after 'Vanadis', the Scandinavian goddess of beauty, because the element forms multicolored compounds.
States
State (s, l, g): solid
Melting point: 2193 K (1920 oC)
Boiling point: 3673 K (3400 oC)
Energies
Specific heat capacity: 0.49 J g-1 K-1
Heat of atomization: 514 kJ mol-1
Heat of fusion: 20.90 kJ mol-1
Heat of vaporization : 0.452 kJ mol-1
1st ionization energy: 650.3 kJ mol-1
2nd ionization energy: 1413.5 kJ mol-1
3rd ionization energy: 2828 kJ mol-1
Electron affinity: 50.7 kJ mol-1
Shells 2.8.11.2
Appearancese and charactristics
Structure: bcc: body-centered cubic
Color: bright white
Harmful effects:Although vanadium is an essential trace element for some creatures a number of its compounds are toxic. Generally, the higher the oxidation state of vanadium, the more toxic the compound.
Hardness: 7.0 mohs
Vanadium is named after the Scandanavian goddess of beauty because of its multiple colors. Watch it change colors as it changes oxidation state with shaking.
Characteristics:
Vanadium is a bright white, soft, ductile metal with good structural strength. Vanadium is resistant to attack by alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and salt water. The metal oxidizes in air at around 660 oC to the pentoxide (V2O5).
Uses:
The main use of vanadium is in alloys, especially with steel. A small amount of vanadium adds strength, toughness, and heat resistance. It is usually added in the form of ferrovanadium, a vanadium-iron alloy. Vanadium steel alloys are used in gears, axles and crankshafts. Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft. Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel. Vanadium-gallium tape is used in superconducting magnets. Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst.
Abundance earth's crust: 120 parts per million by weight, 50 parts per million by moles
Abundance solar system: 400 parts per billion by weight, 9 parts per billion by moles
Cost, pure: $220 per 100g
Cost, bulk: $2.70 per 100g
Source: Vanadium is not found free in nature but is found combined in about 65 different minerals. Vanadium is also found in bauxite and in fossil fuel deposits. Comercially, production of the metal is by calcium reduction of the pentoxide.
Isotopes: Vanadium has 18 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 43 to 60. Of these, one is stable: 51V.
Vanadium is corrosion resistant and is sometimes used to make special tubes and pipes for the chemical industry. Vanadium also does not easily absorb neutrons and has some applications in the nuclear power industry. A thin layer of vanadium is used to bond titanium to steel
Vanadium is corrosion resistant and is sometimes used to make special tubes and pipes for the chemical industry. Vanadium also does not easily absorb neutrons and has some applications in the nuclear power industry. A thin layer of vanadium is used to bond titanium to steel[3]
Vanadium was very first discovered byAndrés Manuel Del rio in 1801 unfortunalty for him a French chemisist incorrectly declared that del Rio's new element was only impure chromium. Del Rio thought himself to be mistaken and accepted the French chemists' statement.
but later in 1830 the element vanadium was rediscovered by Sefstorm who named the element in honor of the Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis, because of its beautiful multicolored compounds. It was isolated in nearly pure form by Roscoe, who in 1867 reduced the chloride with hydrogen.
Vanadium is found in about 65 different minerals among which are carnotite, roscoelite, vanadinite, and patronite, important sources of the metal. Vanadium is also found in phosphate rock and certain iron ores, and is present in some crude oils in the form of organic complexes. It is also found in small percenntages in meteorites
Pure vanadium is a bright white metal, and is soft and ductile. Ibut the metal oxidizes readily above 660oC.
The metal has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications.
States
Energies
Shells 2.8.11.2
Appearancese and charactristics
Vanadium is a bright white, soft, ductile metal with good structural strength. Vanadium is resistant to attack by alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and salt water. The metal oxidizes in air at around 660 oC to the pentoxide (V2O5).
Uses:
The main use of vanadium is in alloys, especially with steel. A small amount of vanadium adds strength, toughness, and heat resistance. It is usually added in the form of ferrovanadium, a vanadium-iron alloy. Vanadium steel alloys are used in gears, axles and crankshafts. Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft. Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel. Vanadium-gallium tape is used in superconducting magnets. Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst.
Reactions
Compounds
Conductivity
Abundance andI Isotopes
Vanadium is corrosion resistant and is sometimes used to make special tubes and pipes for the chemical industry. Vanadium also does not easily absorb neutrons and has some applications in the nuclear power industry. A thin layer of vanadium is used to bond titanium to steel
Vanadium is corrosion resistant and is sometimes used to make special tubes and pipes for the chemical industry. Vanadium also does not easily absorb neutrons and has some applications in the nuclear power industry. A thin layer of vanadium is used to bond titanium to steel[3]
Los Angles National LabsChemisty Division {December 15th 2003}, Vanadium Retrieved 11th November 2010
http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/23.html
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/vanadium.html#general
Chemicool{Unkonwn} Vanadium element facts retrieved 11th November 2010
http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/vanadium-000330.htm
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vanadium.htm